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Turkey and Syria - 6 February 2023 Magnitude 7.8 earthquake causes devastation and more than 50,000 deaths An 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck southeast Turkey and northern neighboring Syria on February 6 this year, causing unprecedented devastation. The balance released by the agency France-Presse (AFP) based on various sources indicates more than 50,000 deaths in both countries. In terms of human victims, Turkey was worst affected with the Turkish Public Disaster Management Agency (AFAD) reporting 44,374 dead. The northern and western regions of Syria were also heavily affected, with a total of 5,951 dead.
The earthquake was followed by several aftershocks, one of which with magnitude 7.5, which destroyed several regions in both countries. In areas under government control in Syria, the Ministry of Health identified 1,414 deaths, while in regions beyond the control of the Damascus regime, local authorities reported the death of 4,537 people.
The damage was huge: the earthquakes caused direct damage of around 99 billion euros in Turkey, corresponding to 9% of the country's GDP, and were responsible for estimated damages of 4.8 billion euros in Syria, which represents 10% of the country's GDP. The World Bank has calculated that 53% of damage in Turkey is related to homes and 28% to non-residential buildings, many of which are schools or health centres; the remaining 19% concern transport, water or electrical infrastructure. The World Bank has warned that reconstruction costs could amount to €100 billion.
Victims and their families are still dealing with grief and the destruction caused by the earthquakes. The international community is committed to helping rebuild these regions so badly affected by the tragedy.
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Spain, La Palma (Canary Islands) - September 2021 Two months of the Cumbre Vieja volcano eruption The Cumbre Vieja volcano, on the island of La Palma (Canary Archipelago, Spain), erupted on September 19, and it is continuously spewing lava and ash, leaving the island unrecognizable. Several cones came into activity, forming rivers of lava that flow into the Atlantic Ocean. In about 2 months of activity, the lava covered more than 1,000 ha of land, more than 2,700 buildings were destroyed, including hundreds of houses, and thousands of people had to leave their homes.
In addition to the destruction they leave in their path, the lava flows (that reached a speed of 250 meters per hour) added around 10 hectares of land to the island during the first month of activity. The column of gases expelled reached an altitude of over 3,500 meters and the emission of sulfur dioxide exceeded 11,000 tons. The volcano continues to emit more gases that are harmful to health, and authorities have already warned of a possible confinement of the population in remote and protected zones away from the areas where these gases are dispersed.
With volcanic activity, visibility in the territory becomes difficult due to the ashes and the amount of material that continues to be expelled from the volcano continues to impress. La Palma airport was closed for a few days, and the continuation of its activity will always depend on the amount of emitted gases and on the weather conditions (especially wind speed and direction).
Simultaneously, hundreds of earthquakes have been recorded and felt on the island, the largest of which (to date) occurred on November 29, 2021, with a magnitude of 5.0. It was felt with an intensity IV-V (EMS98 ) (information from the National Geographic Institute, Spain).
Scientists who constantly monitor the La Palma volcano, especially sulfur dioxide emissions, believe that the end of the eruption will not happen in the short or medium term, according to the spokesperson of the scientific committee of the Canary Islands Volcanic Emergency Plan.
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